Essential Instrumentation Formulas Every Engineer Should Know! From pressure and flow calculations to viscosity, gas laws, and 4–20 mA signal formulas — these are some of the most important formulas used in industrial automation and process industries. In this infographic, you’ll find: Pressure formulas Flow & mass flow equations Level transmitter calculations Temperature conversion formulas Density & viscosity equations Gas law formulas Signal conversion formulas Common industrial unit conversions Very useful for: Instrumentation Engineers PLC/DCS Engineers Students & freshers Commissioning & maintenance work Save this post for quick revision and share it with fellow engineers. Post navigation Key Instrumentation Terms 4–20 mA Formula Made Simple!